Nobel Prize Winners 2023

2023 Nobel Prize Winners: Discover this Year's Laureates

October 11, 2023

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Nobel Prize for Physics, awarded to George Paget Thomson (medal) by Erik Lindberg is licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0

Recently Nobel Prize organisation announced the Nobel Prize Winners 2023. The Nobel Prize, is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious awards in the world. That stands as a beacon of human achievement and innovation. Established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor, scientist, and philanthropist. This annual accolade has celebrated excellence in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine or Physiology, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

Since its inception in 1901, the Nobel Prize has recognized the remarkable contributions of individuals and organizations. It has contributed to the advancement of knowledge and the betterment of humanity. The Nobel Prize also serves as a symbol of inspiration, aspiration, and global cooperation.

In this article, iLovePhD explores the origins, significance, Nobel laureates, Noble Prize winners 2023. Shedding light on the profound influence it exerts on our world today.

2023 Nobel Prize Winners: Discover this Year’s Laureates | iLovePhD

Who is Alfred Nobel?

Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor, earned renown for making significant contributions to science and industry. He was born in 1833 and is best known for inventing dynamite, a revolutionary explosive that transformed construction and mining.

However, Nobel’s enduring legacy extends beyond explosives. He also established the prestigious Nobel Prize, recognizing outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic science. Leaving an ineffaceable mark on the world’s intellectual and humanitarian contributions.

Picture of Alfred Nobel

History of the Nobel Prize

Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel drafted a will in 1895 in which he reserved a large part of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes after concerns about how the world would remember him.
He wanted the awards to be given to individuals (based on their achievements) annually, despite their nationality
It took nearly five years for the committee to be set up after his death in 1896.
The first set of awards for Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry, Literature, Physics and Peace were awarded in 1901.
After 67 years, Sweden’s central bank with a donation from the Nobel Foundation established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1968.
During World War II, the Nobel Prizes in most categories were not awarded between 1940 and 1942, due to the disruption caused by the war.
Over the years, the Nobel Prize selection process has faced controversies and criticisms, including omissions of deserving individuals or discoveries. The Nobel Peace Prize was never awarded Mahatma Gandhi, despite his significant contributions to non-violent resistance and peace advocacy, which is a notable omission.
The Nobel Prizes have evolved to reflect changing times and expanding knowledge. The Nobel Prizes continue to have a profound impact on science, and literature. Peace efforts, and they are considered one of the most prestigious awards in the world.

Who accords the Nobel Prize?

Physics, Chemistry, and Literature – The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Physiology or Medicine – The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute.
Peace – The Norwegian Nobel Committee.
Economic Sciences – The Sveriges Riksbank.

Each of these organizations and committees has its own selection process. Criteria for awarding the Nobel Prizes, and they make independent decisions in their respective fields.

First Nobel Laureate (In the year 1901)

A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called the Nobel Prize laureate. The word “laureate” refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour.

Category	Nobel Laureate	Discovery
Physics	Wilhelm Rontgen	Discovery of X-rays
Chemistry	Jacobus H. van’t Hoff	Chemical thermodynamics and Osmotic pressure
Literature	Sully Prudhomme	Poetic works
Physiology or Medicine	Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato	Work on serum therapy for the development of treatment for diphtheria.
Peace	Henry Dunant & Frederic Passy	Henry Dunant – His role in the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Frederic Passy – for his advocacy efforts.
Economic Science	Ragnar Frisch & Jan Tinbergen (1969)	Their contributions to the development of econometrics and the application of mathematical models in economic analysis.

First Female Nobel Laureates

Category	Nobel Laureate	Year	Discovery
Physics	Marie Skłodowska Curie, France	1903	Radiation Phenomena
Chemistry	Marie Skłodowska Curie, France	1911	Discovery of polonium and radium elements
Literature	Selma Lagerlof, Sweden	1909	Poetic and literature works
Physiology or Medicine	Gerty Cori, USA	1947	Her role in elucidating the metabolism of glucose, including treatment of diabetes.
Peace	Baroness Bertha von Suttner, Austria	1905	Wrote one of the nineteenth century’s most influential books, the anti-war novel “Lay Down Your Arms” (1889)
Economic Science	Elinor Ostrom, USA	2009	For her analysis of economic governance

Youngest Nobel Laureate

At the age of 17, Malala Yousafzai received the Nobel Prize for Peace in the year 2014.

Oldest Nobel Laureate

At the age of 97, John Goodenough received the Nobel Prize (Chemistry) in the year 2019 for the development of lithium-ion batteries.

List of Indian Nobel Laureates

The following is the list of Indians who were honored with Nobel prizes for their extraordinary works in their field.

Rabindranath Tagore (1913): He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his collection of poems and songs titled “Gitanjali”.
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1930): He received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the Raman Effect.
Har Gobind Khorana (1968): He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
Mother Teresa (1979): Although born in Macedonia, Mother Teresa is closely associated with India due to her extensive charitable work in Kolkata. She received the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983): He was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the theory of the structure and evolution of stars.
Amartya Sen (1998): He received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and his work on famines.
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (2001): He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009): He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the structure and function of the ribosome, a cellular organelle involved in protein synthesis.
Kailash Satyarthi (2014): He shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Malala Yousafzai for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.
Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee (2019): He received Nobel Prize in Economics for his experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.